Past Continuous Tense & IF CLAUSE I-III

Past Continuous Tense

Past Continuous Tense digunakan untuk menyatakan peristiwa yang SEDANG TERJADI juga, tetapi sedang terjadi sekarang, melainkan sedang terjadi tetapi DULU, tetapi sudah lewat. Loh sedang kok lewat? bukannya sedang itu artinya masa kini alias sekarang?. Oh ada juga sedang dulu. Mari kita bahas tuntas.

Seperti arti katanya, Past berarti “sudah lewat”, sedangkan Continuous artinya “sedang”. Contohnya gini:

Kemarin teman saya datang ke rumah saya, gedor-gedor pintu, tetapi nda ada yang buka. Padahal saya ada di rumah, tetapi saat itu tuh “Saya sedang tidur!”. Kapan sedang tidurnya? Kemarin, saat teman saya itu datang. Bukan sekarang kan? Tetapi sedang loh! Itulah Past Continuous Tense.

Rumus Past Continuous Tense

Positif: S + was/were + Ving

Negatif: S + was/were + NOT + Ving

Tanya: Was/Were + S + Ving

Contohnya:
I was sleeping when my friend came to my house yesterday

Lihat tuh, “I was sleeping” adalah bagian Past Continuous Tensenya. Sedang tidurnya itu kemarin, saat teman saya datang ke rumah.

Jadi, Past Continuous Tense ini mirip banget rumusnya dengan Present Continuous Tense, bedanya di TOBE nya yang menjadi bentuk kedua.

Ingat-ingat perubahan dan pasangan TO BE nya ya.

Tobe: is, am berubah menjadi WAS
Tobe: are berubah menajdi WERE

I, She, He, It, John, Merry pasangannya adalah WAS
We, They, John and Merry pasangannya adalah WERE.

Contoh kalimat lainnya:
-They were learning in the classroom when I came
Mereka lagi belajar di kelas ketika saya datang.

- I was writing
- Joko was sleeping
- … Ayo anda tambahkan sendiri 

Kalimat Negatif Untuk Past Continuous Tense

 tinggal pake rumusnya, tambahkan NOT setelah Tobe (was/were). Ingat rumusnya kan? Yes, Anda benar, rumusnya: S + was/were + NOT + Ving. Misalnya dari contoh sederhana yang terakhir diatas, menjadi:

- I was NOT writing …
- Joko was NOT sleeping …
- … ayo Anda buat yang lain.

Kalimat Tanya Past Continuous Tense

Kembali lagi gampang sekali, yang penting Anda sudah faham penggunaannya seperti saya terangkan diatas. Untuk bikin kalimat tanya tinggal TOBE nya (was atau were) di depan. Berikut ini dari contoh diatas akan menjadi:

- Was I writing ….?

Biasanya sih kalo bertanya kan gak nanya sendiri, karena itu lebih sering contoh-contoh yang ada dibuku pake YOU, sehingga menjadi:

- Were You writing …?

Contoh lain:
- Was Joko Sleeping …?

Tentu saja Anda bisa membuat kalimat yang sangat panjang untuk contoh-contoh ini. Saya bikin ringkas saja agar mudah difahami. Kapan akan lancar bahkan tanpa mikir lagi Anda bisa menggunakan kalimat-kalimat Past Continuous Tense ini? Jawabnya adalah ketika Anda sering memakainya, baik dalam menulis ataupun berbicara. Tul?

Tambahan:
Yes, kalimat Past Continuous Tense sering digandeng dengan Past Tense, tentu saja maksudnya untuk mengatakan bahwa kejadiannya tersebut SEDANG terjadi tetapi di masa LAMPAU (lewat) ketika sesuatu yang lain terjadi. Bagimana jika ingin menyatakan LAMPAU nya saja tetapi tidak menekankan pada SEDANG TERJADInya itu? Yes, gunakan saja Past Tense.

Preference

Preference adalah ungkapan perasaan yang menyatakan lebih suka daripada yang lainnya

1. Prefer

Rumus:

·         Subject + Prefer + to infinitive

·         Subject + Prefer + Nouns + to + Nouns

·         Subject + Prefer + Gerund + to + Gerund

Contoh:

·         They prefer to go now

·         My mother prefers lemon to orange

·         She prefers watching TV to listening to the radio

2. Would Rather

Rumus:

·         Subject + would rather + Kata kerja bentuk I (tanpa to- Infinitives)

·         Subject + would rather + Infinitives + than + Infinitives

·         Subject + would rather + Infinitives + Noun + than + Inf + Noun

·         Subject + would rather + someone + Bentuk II

Contoh:

·         I would rather study now

·         She would rather stay home than go shopping

·         We’d rather play card than play ball

·         I’d rather you went now

3. Would Prefer to

Rumus:

·         Subject + Would Prefer to + infinitive +rather than + inf

·         Subject + would Prefer to + infinitives + Nouns + rather than + infinitives + Nouns

Contoh:

·         They would prefer to sing rather than dance

·         You’d prefer to play ball rather than take a sleep

4. Like

Rumus:

·         Subject + Like + Nouns/Gerunds

·         Subject + like +gerunds + better than + gerund

·         Subject + like + noun + better than + noun

Contoh:

·         I like singing a song

·         She likes singing a song better than playing a guitar

·         They like coffee better than tea

5. Had Better

Rumus:

·         Subject + had better + infinitive

·         Subject + had better + not + infinitive

Contoh:

·         You had better study hard

·         You had better not work on Sundays

6. It’s time

Rumus:

·         It’s time + to infinitives

·         It’s time + Subject + Bentuk past

Contoh:

·         It’s time to get up

·         It’s time you went away

7. Instead of

Instead of kita gunakan sebagai pengganti dari: to, than, better than, rather than

Rumus:

·         Instead of + Gerund/Nouns

Contoh:

·         I prefer staying home instead of going out

·         They would rather eat their lunch instead of work

·         I woud prefer to invite them instead of him

·         He likes me instead of him

 

IF CLAUSE I-III

1.         CONDITIONAL TYPE 1

Conditional sentence type 1 digunakan untuk menunjukan sesuatu hal yang mungkin atau tidak mungkin terjadi diwaktu yang akan datang . Conditional type I dibentuk dengan if clause (dalam simple present tense) dan main clause ( dalam simple future tense ).

if  +  simple present , subject  +  will  +  bare invinitive

·         if i finish work early , i play tennis

·         if she has enough time , she will come to your house

·         if  you invite us , we will come to your wedding party

If  +  simple present  +  modal auxiliary (can, may, must, will) digunakam untuk menunjukan suatu kemungkinan (possibility) , izin (permission), kepastian (certainty).

If  +  simple present ,subject  +  can,may,must  +  bare infinitive

·         if  you leave now, you will arrive in time (certain result)

·         if you leave now , you may arrive in time (possibility)

·         if he is in hurry , he can use my car (permission)

2.    CONDITIONAL SENTENCES: TYPE II

Conditional sentence type II digunakan untuk menunjukkan sesuatu yang bertentangan dengan fakta atau yang sesungguhnya di waktu sekarang.

If + subject + simple past, subject + would, could, might + bare infinitive

·         If you had longer legs, you would be able to run faster

·         If you spoke English well , he would be accepted to work here

·         If I had a spare ticket , I would give it to him

Conditional sentence type II juga digunakan untuk menunjukkan suatu yang tidak kita harapkan terjadi di waktu sekarang .

If + subject + simple past, subject + would, could, might + bare infinitive

·         If a robber came into my house, I would throw a knife at him

·         If the man chased me , I would ran away

·         If he wanted to kill me , I would report him to a police

      3.          CONDITIONAL SENTENCES: TYPE III

Conditional sentence type III digunakan untuk menunjukan suatu penyelesaian (regret dan lain-lain ) tentang sesuatu yang tidak akan pernah terjadi lagi diwaktu sekarang.

If  +  subject  +  past perfect , would/could/might   +  have  +  past participle

·         If you had gone by car, you would have arrive in bandung

·         If you had studied english seriously, you would spoken english well

·         If she had tried harder, she would have been successful

·         If you had left early, you might have arrive there

If had been you/inyour position

“if i had been you / in your position” digunakan untuk menunjukan apa yang sudah akan kita lakukan jika kita berada dalam posisi orang lain.

·         If i had been in your position, i would have accepted her offer of help

·         If i had been mary, i would have paid fifty million rupiah for the car

Example

•   If i finish work early , I will play tennis

            Fact : It is possible that I will play tennis

•    If i finished work early, I would play tennis

            Fact : I don’t finish work early, so I don’t play tennis

•   If i finished work early, I would played tennis

            Fact : I didn’t finish work early, so I didn’t play tennis

•         If he arrives on time, I will speak wih him

            Fact : It is possible that he arrives on time

•         If he arrived on time, I would speak with him

           Fact : He don’t arrives on time, so i don’t speak him

•         If he arrived on time,  I would spoke with him

           Fact : He didn’t arrives on time, so I didn’t speak him

•        If  you invite us , we will come to your wedding party

          Fact : It is possible that you invite us

•        If you invited us, we would come to your wedding party

           Fact : I don’t invite us, so we don’t wedding party

•        If you invited us, we would came to your weeding party

          Fact : I didn’t invite us, so we didn’t wedding party

•        If you speak english well, he would be accept to work here

          Fact : It is possible that you speak english well

•       If you spoke English well , he would be accepted to work here

         Fact : I don’t speak english well, so he don’t accept to work here

•       If you spoked english well, he would be accepted to work here

         Fact : I didn’t speak english well, so he didn’t accept to work.